> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.stakingrewards.com/staking-data/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.stakingrewards.com/staking-data/methodologies/avalanche-srb.md).

# Avalanche SRB

Avalanche Staking Rewards Benchmark (AVAXSRB™) Methodology. Covers the P-chain reward curve, the ACP-285 minimum-rate reduction, stake-weighted aggregation across validators and delegators, and delega

AVAXSRB is a benchmark representing the mean, annualized staking rate across all active Avalanche Primary Network stakes.

AVAXSRB is calculated and published by Staking Rewards via the [Avalanche Profile](https://www.stakingrewards.com/asset/avalanche) and [Data API](https://www.stakingrewards.com/data-api).

> **TL;DR:** Every Avalanche stake (validator or delegation) is promised a fixed reward when it starts, set by the P-chain reward curve from the stake's duration and the supply still left to mint. AVAXSRB is the total of those promised rewards, annualized, divided by the total AVAX staked. That makes it a stake-weighted mean gross of delegation fees. A validator's rate for a new delegation, AVAXSRB(v), applies the same curve to the validator's remaining time and then deducts the delegation fee.

$$
AVAXSRB = \frac{\sum\_{s} R\_s \cdot \frac{t\_y}{d\_s}}{\sum\_{s} w\_s}
$$

<table data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th width="141">Formula key</th><th width="178">Metric name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>s</td><td>Stake</td><td>Each active stake on the Primary Network: every validator's own stake and every delegation to it.</td></tr><tr><td>R<sub>s</sub></td><td>Potential Reward</td><td>The reward the P-chain commits to stake s at its start (<code>potentialReward</code>). The protocol reward curve below computes it and fixes it for the life of the stake.</td></tr><tr><td>d<sub>s</sub></td><td>Stake Duration</td><td>End time minus start time of stake s, in seconds.</td></tr><tr><td>w<sub>s</sub></td><td>Stake Weight</td><td>AVAX locked by stake s.</td></tr><tr><td>t<sub>y</sub></td><td>Year Constant</td><td>365 days in seconds (31,536,000).</td></tr></tbody></table>

The numerator is the total annualized P-chain emission committed to current stakes, and the denominator is the total staked AVAX. Because each stake's reward is set by the protocol curve, AVAXSRB summarizes that curve over the live mix of stake durations, start dates and supply levels.

#### Protocol reward curve

The P-chain computes each stake's potential reward when it starts:

$$
R = k \cdot w \cdot \left(Min + (Max - Min)\cdot\frac{d}{T\_m}\right)\cdot\frac{d}{T\_m}, \qquad k = \frac{SupplyCap - S}{S}
$$

<table data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th width="141">Formula key</th><th width="178">Metric name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>S</td><td>Current Supply</td><td>P-chain current supply (<code>platform.getCurrentSupply</code>) at the time the stake starts.</td></tr><tr><td>SupplyCap</td><td>Supply Cap</td><td>720,000,000 AVAX.</td></tr><tr><td>Max</td><td>Max Consumption Rate</td><td>12%.</td></tr><tr><td>Min</td><td>Min Consumption Rate</td><td>10% for stakes that started before the Helicon upgrade (2026-09-22 15:00 UTC). Under ACP-285, a stake starting after Helicon gets a Min that falls linearly from 10% to 7.5% over the 90 days after activation, reaching 7.5% on 2026-12-21. Each stake keeps the Min in force when it started.</td></tr><tr><td>T<sub>m</sub></td><td>Minting Period</td><td>365 days.</td></tr></tbody></table>

* A longer stake earns a higher annualized rate, up to Max × k for a full-year stake.
* As supply approaches the cap, k falls and so do rewards.
* Rewards are paid only at the end of the stake, and only if the validator met the uptime requirement (80%). There is no compounding within a stake.
* The P-chain does not expose these parameters through any API. Staking Rewards uses the published mainnet values from avalanchego (`genesis_mainnet.go`, `reward/calculator.go`). Current supply is read live on every run.

***

#### Slashing

1. Avalanche does not slash stake. A validator below the uptime requirement forfeits the reward for that staking period, but its staked AVAX is returned.
2. AVAXSRB does not factor in the possibility of forfeited rewards.

***

### AVAX Validator Staking Reward Rate: AVAXSRB(v)

AVAXSRB(v) is the annualized rate a delegator would lock in by delegating to validator v now, for the validator's remaining time, net of that validator's delegation fee:

$$
AVAXSRB(v) = k\_{now} \cdot \left(Min\_{now} + (Max - Min\_{now})\cdot\frac{r\_v}{T\_m}\right)\cdot(1 - c\_v)
$$

<table data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th width="141">Formula key</th><th width="178">Metric name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>k<sub>now</sub></td><td>Remaining-supply ratio</td><td>(SupplyCap − S) / S, using live current supply.</td></tr><tr><td>Min<sub>now</sub></td><td>Min Consumption Rate now</td><td>The Min that applies to a stake starting at the evaluation time, following the ACP-285 ramp.</td></tr><tr><td>r<sub>v</sub></td><td>Remaining Time</td><td>Validator end time minus the evaluation time. A delegation cannot outlast its validator.</td></tr><tr><td>c<sub>v</sub></td><td>Delegation Fee</td><td>The share of delegator rewards the validator keeps (the protocol minimum is 2%).</td></tr></tbody></table>

* The validator's own gross return on its self-stake is published separately as **Validator APR** (potential reward ÷ self-stake, annualized). The highest Validator APR across the network is published as **Max APR**. Neither is used as AVAXSRB.
* **Multiplier** is the protocol curve at a given duration relative to a 365-day stake: (Min<sub>now</sub> + (Max − Min<sub>now</sub>)·d/T<sub>m</sub>) / Max. It is published per validator (using its full term) and at asset level (using the stake-weighted average stake duration).
* **Yield** per validator is AVAXSRB(v) × r<sub>v</sub> / (validator term). Max Yield is the highest of these.

***

#### Observation Period:

1. AVAXSRB is determined from the active stake set and current supply at the latest block at the point of evaluation.
2. This data is then annualized for a comprehensive year-long projection.

#### Calculation

The calculation happens every 2 hours and is immediately published via [Data API](https://www.stakingrewards.com/data-api).

#### Limitations

1. AVAXSRB uses a 365-day convention and does not adjust for leap years.
2. AVAXSRB is gross of delegation fees. It reflects rewards the protocol commits, before a validator takes its fee from delegators.
3. AVAXSRB is backward-looking in composition. Each stake keeps the rate fixed at its start, so while the ACP-285 ramp runs (to 2026-12-21), AVAXSRB converges toward the lower post-Helicon curve as stakes roll over.
4. Delegations need at least 14 days. For a validator with less remaining time, AVAXSRB(v) describes a delegation that cannot be opened. Validators themselves may stake for as little as 48 hours (ACP-273).
5. AVAXSRB covers Primary Network staking only. Rewards from L1 validation fees and C-chain activity are excluded.
6. There is no guarantee of an individual validator's rate. A validator below 80% uptime earns nothing for the period.

### AVAX Real Reward Rate: AVAXSRB^R

The real reward rate calculates the AVAXSRB adjusted for inflation in the network.

$$
AVAXSRB^R = (1 + AVAXSRB) / (1 + ir) - 1
$$

<table data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th width="141">Formula key</th><th width="158">Metric name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>ir</td><td>Inflation Rate</td><td>Total annualized P-chain emission committed to current stakes (the AVAXSRB numerator) divided by circulating supply.</td></tr></tbody></table>

#### Inflation Rate Behavior

New AVAX is minted only as staking rewards, and the P-chain supply is capped at 720M AVAX. Emission per staked AVAX scales with the remaining-to-mint ratio k, so inflation falls as supply grows toward the cap. ACP-285 lowers the minimum consumption rate from 10% to 7.5%, which reduces emissions for short stakes; full-year stakes still earn the 12% maximum. Transaction fees on the C-chain and X-chain are burned, which partly offsets emissions.

***

### Other Avalanche metrics calculated by Staking Rewards:

<table data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th width="212.99999999999994">Metric</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Delegated Tokens</td><td>The number of AVAX delegated to validators.</td></tr><tr><td>Self Staked Tokens</td><td>The number of AVAX staked by validators directly.</td></tr><tr><td>Staking Wallets</td><td>Total number of active delegations on-chain. A delegator with several delegations is counted once per delegation.</td></tr><tr><td>Max APR</td><td>The highest validator gross APR on self-stake, from on-chain potential reward.</td></tr><tr><td>Average Stake Duration</td><td>Stake-weighted average validator term, in seconds.</td></tr><tr><td>Total Supply</td><td>P-chain current supply.</td></tr><tr><td>Staking Ratio</td><td>Staked tokens divided by current supply.</td></tr><tr><td>Daily Fees</td><td>C-chain transaction fees burned over the last 24 hours, in AVAX. All C-chain fees are credited to the unspendable blackhole address <code>0x0100000000000000000000000000000000000000</code>, so the burn is the change in its balance between the latest block and the block 24 hours earlier.</td></tr><tr><td>Fee Revenue</td><td>Annualized burned C-chain transaction fees in USD: 365 × (change in the blackhole balance over the last 30 days ÷ 30) × price. X-chain fees are not included.</td></tr></tbody></table>

#### Data Sources

Staking Rewards from indexed Avalanche P-chain RPC endpoints (`platform.getCurrentValidators`, `platform.getCurrentSupply`) and Avalanche C-chain RPC endpoints (`eth_getBalance` on the blackhole address at historical blocks, with a C-chain block explorer used to map timestamps to block numbers). Prices and circulating supply from CoinGecko.

#### References:

* [Avalanche staking documentation](https://build.avax.network/docs/nodes/validate/how-to-stake)
* [avalanchego reward calculator](https://github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/blob/master/vms/platformvm/reward/calculator.go)
* [avalanchego mainnet genesis parameters](https://github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/blob/master/genesis/genesis_mainnet.go)
* [Avalanche Community Proposals (ACP-273, ACP-285)](https://github.com/avalanche-foundation/ACPs)
* [avalanchego v1.15.0 release (Helicon upgrade)](https://github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/releases)

***

:books: [Learn more about AVAX Staking](https://www.stakingrewards.com/asset/avalanche)

:bar\_chart: [Calculate your AVAX Staking Rewards](https://www.stakingrewards.com/calculator?asset=avalanche)

:gear: [Access historic Avalanche Staking Data via API](https://www.stakingrewards.com/data-api)

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Last updated on 10/08/2026
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