> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.stakingrewards.com/staking-data/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.stakingrewards.com/staking-data/methodologies/near-srb.md).

# Near SRB

Learn how NEAR staking rewards are calculated. NEARSRB formula covers epoch rewards from inflation, epoch time, and total staked NEAR.

NEARSRB is a benchmark representing the mean, annualized staking rate across all active Near-Protocol validators.

NEARSRB is calculated and published by Staking Rewards via the [Near Profile](https://www.stakingrewards.com/asset/near-protocol) and [Data API](https://www.stakingrewards.com/data-api).

> **TL;DR:** NEAR staking rewards come from protocol issuance: total supply × the protocol's max inflation rate (read live from the protocol configuration, currently 1/40 = 2.5% per year), of which 90% goes to validators and 10% to the protocol treasury, distributed per epoch. No transaction fees are subtracted: NEAR issuance has no fee term, and burned fees reduce total supply instead. The reward rate equals epoch rewards annualized divided by total staked NEAR. The inflation rate used for the real reward rate is derived from 30-day supply changes.

$$
NEARSRB = er / et \* t\_d \* t\_y / st
$$

<table data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th width="141">Formula key</th><th width="158">Metric name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>er</td><td>Epoch Rewards</td><td>The total rewards distributed per epoch to validators. Derived from annual protocol issuance, which is total supply × the protocol's max inflation rate (read live from the protocol configuration, currently 1/40 = 2.5%), of which 90% goes to validators and 10% to the protocol treasury, divided by the number of epochs per year. No transaction fees are subtracted: NEAR issuance has no fee term, and burned fees reduce total supply instead.</td></tr><tr><td>et</td><td>Epoch Time</td><td>The duration of one epoch in seconds, measured as the difference between the block-header timestamps at the current and the previous epoch start (epochs are a fixed 43,200 block heights, so their wall-clock length follows the block time). The unstaking time is 4 such measured epochs, the staking-pool contract's unlock delay.</td></tr><tr><td>st</td><td>Staked Tokens</td><td>The total amount of staked NEAR in the protocol's active validator set.</td></tr><tr><td><span class="math">t_d</span></td><td>Day Constant</td><td>86400s</td></tr><tr><td><span class="math">t_y</span></td><td>Year Constant</td><td>365d</td></tr></tbody></table>

* NEARSRB is non-compounded, excluding returns from reinvestment of rewards.
* NEARSRB uses the protocol's max inflation rate, read live from the protocol configuration. The inflation rate derived from total supply changes over a 30-day window is used only for the real reward rate (NEARSRB^R).

#### Slashing

1. Currently, slashing is not implemented in the Near Protocol.

***

### NEAR Validator Staking Reward Rate: NEARSRB(v)

Staking Rewards calculates the NEARSRB for each validator based on their individual commission rate.

$$
NEARSRB(v) =  NEARSRB \* (1 - c)
$$

<table data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th width="150.33333333333331">Formula key</th><th width="187">Metric name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>c</td><td>Commission</td><td>The fee imposed by a specific validator to its delegators, expressed as numerator/denominator from the validator's reward fee fraction.</td></tr></tbody></table>

***

#### Observation Period:

1. The NEARSRB is determined based on the protocol configuration (max inflation rate), the latest total supply and the current-epoch validator stake at the evaluation point.
2. This data is then annualized for a comprehensive year-long projection.
3. The inflation rate used for NEARSRB^R compares the latest total supply against a stored reference total supply from approximately 30 days earlier (the first stored value after midnight UTC 30 days before the evaluation), and annualizes the change over the actual age of that reference value rather than a fixed 30 days. If no reference value exists, or its age is outside 25 to 35 days (for example after a gap in data collection), the inflation rate is not published for that run.

#### Calculation

The calculation happens every 2 hours and is immediately published via [Data API](https://www.stakingrewards.com/data-api).

#### Limitations

1. NEARSRB employs a 365-day convention for annualizing current epoch times. This convention remains consistent and does not accommodate adjustments for leap years.
2. NEARSRB is the full-uptime issuance rate. The protocol pays a validator nothing below 90% online, scales its reward linearly up to the full reward at 99% online, and does not mint reward that goes undistributed. The realized stake-weighted payout measured over September 2026 epochs was 99.1% to 99.5% of NEARSRB.

### NEAR Real Reward Rate: NEARSRB^R

The real reward rate calculates the NEARSRB adjusted for inflation in the network.

$$
NEARSRB^R=1 +NEARSRB/(1+ir) -1
$$

<table data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th width="141">Formula key</th><th width="158">Metric name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>ir</td><td>Inflation Rate</td><td>Net total supply change over an approximately 30-day window, annualized by the actual window length: (totalSupply_now - totalSupply_ref) / totalSupply_ref * 365 / windowDays, where totalSupply_ref is the first stored total supply after midnight UTC 30 days before the evaluation and windowDays is the time elapsed since that value was recorded. Not published when windowDays is outside 25 to 35 days or no reference value exists.</td></tr></tbody></table>

**Inflation Rate Behavior**

* NEAR Protocol's max inflation rate has been 2.5% of total supply per year since late October 2025 (previously 5%). 90% of it (2.25% of total supply) is allocated to validators as epoch rewards and 10% goes to the protocol treasury. At most 70% of transaction fees are burned (30% of function-call gas is rebated to contracts); the burn reduces total supply, so the measured net inflation rate sits slightly below 2.5%. The inflation rate used for NEARSRB^R is measured from actual total supply changes over time rather than a fixed constant.

***

### Other NEAR metrics calculated by Staking Rewards:

<table data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th width="212.99999999999994">Metric</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Delegated Tokens</td><td>The number of NEAR tokens delegated to validators.</td></tr><tr><td>Self Staked Tokens</td><td>The number of NEAR tokens staked by validators directly: the pool owner's balance in the validator's staking pool contract. For liquid-staking pool contracts that do not expose an owner-balance method, the owner's share-token balance valued at the contract's exchange rate.</td></tr><tr><td>Staking Wallets</td><td>Total number of unique delegations onchain per validator staking pool contract.</td></tr><tr><td>Transaction Fees (365d)</td><td>Trailing-year sum of NearBlocks daily transaction fee data. Published for reference; not part of NEARSRB.</td></tr></tbody></table>

#### Data Sources:

* NEAR RPC for epoch data, protocol configuration (max inflation rate), validator details, and staking info
* NearBlocks for 365-day rolling transaction fee data
* CoinGecko for price and supply data

#### References:

* [Near Documentation](https://wiki.near.org/)
* [Staking Rewards NEAR profile](https://www.stakingrewards.com/asset/near-protocol)

***

:bar\_chart: [Calculate your NEAR Staking Rewards](https://www.stakingrewards.com/asset/near-protocol/calculator)

:gear: [Access historic NEAR Staking Data via API](https://www.stakingrewards.com/data-api)

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Last updated on 10/04/2026
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