# Kyve SRB

Kyve Network consists of two layers: the consensus layer and the protocol layer. Each layer has its set of validators. Consensus validators are responsible for committing new blocks in the blockchain, while protocol validators run on a specific data pool and are responsible for validating and archiving a specific data source. Therefore, each layer has its own Staking Rewards Benchmark Methodology.

KYVESRB(c) is a benchmark representing the mean, annualized staking rate across all active Kyve consensus validators.

KYVESRB(d) is a benchmark representing the mean, annualized staking rate across all active Kyve data (protocol) validators.

KYVESRB is calculated and published by Staking Rewards via the [Kyve Network Profile](https://www.stakingrewards.com/asset/kyve-network) and [Data API](https://www.stakingrewards.com/data-api).

> **TL;DR:** KYVE has two validator layers: consensus validators (block production) and protocol validators (data archiving). The consensus layer follows the Cosmos SDK formula: annual provisions plus daily fees, minus community tax, divided by staked tokens.

### KYVE Staking Rewards Rate: KYVESRB

$$
KYVESRB = (ap + df \* t\_y) \* (1 - ct) / st
$$

<table><thead><tr><th width="145">Formula Key</th><th width="169">Metric Name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>ap</td><td>Annual Provisions</td><td>The total amount of tokens emitted per year.</td></tr><tr><td>df</td><td>Daily Fees</td><td>The total number of tokens paid as transaction fees.</td></tr><tr><td>ct</td><td>Community Tax</td><td>Community Tax is the percentage of inflation rewards and fees that are sent to the community pool at each block.</td></tr><tr><td>st</td><td>Staked Tokens</td><td>The total number of tokens bonded with active, non-jailed validators.</td></tr><tr><td><span class="math">t_y</span></td><td>Year Constant</td><td>365d</td></tr></tbody></table>

{% hint style="info" %}
The calculations are derived from the ATOMSRB documentation, serving as the foundational reference to ensure the accuracy of relevant metrics.

For more information visit the [ATOMSRB docs](https://docs.stakingrewards.com/staking-data/methodologies/cosmos-hub-srb).
{% endhint %}

{% embed url="<https://docs.stakingrewards.com/staking-data/methodologies/cosmos-ecosystem-srb/cosmos-hub-srb#atom-staking-rewards-rate-atomsrb>" %}
ATOM Staking Rewards Rate
{% endembed %}

***

**Expected vs. Actual Block Time**

* The inflation metrics retrieved from RPC endpoints may not depict the genuine inflation rate. This discrepancy arises due to the actual block time being significantly quicker than the protocol's targeted time.
* The difference between expected and actual block time influences the annual provisions which affects rewards.
* Consequently, there's an elevation in blocks generated annually, leading to increased inflation.
* The KYVESRB methodology adjusts for this variation, prioritizing the actual block time over the anticipated block time to determine accurate inflation and reward rates.

#### Slashing

* KYVESRB does not factor in the possibility of slashing occurrences.
* It's important to note that if validator entities face slashing, rewards will increase, as the slashed tokens are reallocated among validators.

**Limitations**

* KYVESRB excludes rewards accrued from Interchain/Replicated Security.
* KYVESRB employs a 365-day convention for annualizing current block provisions and daily fees. This convention remains consistent and does not accommodate adjustments for leap years.

***

### KYVE Consensus Validator Staking Reward Rate: KYVESRB(c)

Staking Rewards calculates the KYVESRB(c) for each consensus validator based on their individual performance and commission rate.

$$
KYVESRB(c) = KYVESRB \* (1*p)*(1-cr)
$$

<table><thead><tr><th width="147">Formula key</th><th width="165">Metric name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>p</td><td>Performance</td><td>The percentage of successfully validated blocks over the last 10,000 assigned blocks for this validator.</td></tr><tr><td>cr</td><td>Commission Rate</td><td>The percentage commission rate the validator has set as a delegation fee for all delegators.</td></tr></tbody></table>

***

### KYVE Data Validator Staking Reward Rate: KYVESRB(d)

Staking Rewards calculates the KYVESRB(d) for each data validator based on rewards and commission rate.

$$
KYVESRB(d) = (tbr-tr-sr)\*(1-cr)
$$

<table><thead><tr><th width="147">Formula key</th><th width="187">Metric name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>tbr</td><td>Total Bundle Reward</td><td>The total bundle reward paid out from the pool. This reward depends on the size of the data uploaded, the specified operating cost of the pool, and the share of the inflation the pool receives.</td></tr><tr><td>tr</td><td>Treasury Reward</td><td>The network fee deducted from the total bundle reward.</td></tr><tr><td>sr</td><td>Storage Reward</td><td>The reward paid to the uploader to cover his storage costs.</td></tr><tr><td>cr</td><td>Commission Rate</td><td>The percentage commission rate the validator has set as a delegation fee for all delegators.</td></tr></tbody></table>

#### Observation Period:

* The KYVESRB(c) and KYVESRB(d) are determined based on the latest generated block at the point of evaluation.
* This data is then annualized for a comprehensive year-long projection.

#### Calculation

The calculation happens every 2 hours and is immediately published via [Data API](https://www.stakingrewards.com/data-api).

***

### KYVE Real Reward Rate: KYVESRB^R

The real reward rate calculates the KYVESRB adjusted for inflation in the network.

$$
KYVESRB^R=1 + KYVESRB/(1+ir) -1
$$

<table><thead><tr><th width="140">Formula key</th><th width="144">Metric name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>ir</td><td>Inflation Rate</td><td>The annual provisions divided by the circulating supply.</td></tr></tbody></table>

**Inflation Rate Behavior**

* KYVE targets an 80% bonded ratio, adjusting inflation based on the staked token percentage. Inflation decreases with more tokens staked and increases with fewer. The rate is capped within set limits, and only governance can modify these parameters or introduce mechanisms like burning transaction fees to control inflation.

***

### Other Kyve metrics calculated by Staking Rewards:

<table><thead><tr><th width="190">Metric</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Delegated Tokens</td><td>The number of KYVE tokens staked to block producers.</td></tr><tr><td>Self Staked Tokens</td><td>The number of KYVE tokens bonded by workers directly.</td></tr><tr><td>Staking Wallets</td><td>This metric refers to the total quantity of distinct delegations made. It doesn't distinguish based on unique delegator addresses and excludes considerations of any minimum delegation thresholds.</td></tr></tbody></table>

#### Data Sources:

* [Staking Rewards](https://www.stakingrewards.com/) from indexed Kyve Blockchain RPC Endpoints

***

#### References:

* <https://docs.kyve.network/>

***

:books:[ Learn more about KYVE Staking](https://www.stakingrewards.com/asset/kyve-network)

:bar\_chart: [Calculate your KYVE Staking Rewards](https://www.stakingrewards.com/calculator?asset=kyve-network)

:gear: [Access historic Kyve Network Staking Data via API](https://www.stakingrewards.com/data-api)

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Last updated on 09/13/2024
```


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