> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.stakingrewards.com/staking-data/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.stakingrewards.com/staking-data/methodologies/cosmos-ecosystem-srb/passage-srb.md).

# Passage SRB

Learn how Passage staking rewards are calculated. PASGSRB uses the Cosmos SDK formula with annual provisions, fees, community tax, and staked PASG tokens.

PASGSRB is a benchmark representing the mean, annualized staking rate across all active Passage validators.

PASGSRB is calculated and published by Staking Rewards via the [Passage Profile](https://www.stakingrewards.com/asset/passage) and [Data API](https://www.stakingrewards.com/data-api).

> **TL;DR:** Passage staking rewards follow the Cosmos SDK formula (ATOMSRB): annual provisions plus annualized fees, minus community tax, divided by total staked PASG tokens. Validator-level rates factor in performance and commission.

{% hint style="info" %}
The calculations are derived from the ATOMSRB documentation, serving as the foundational reference to ensure the accuracy of relevant metrics.

For more information visit the [ATOMSRB docs](https://docs.stakingrewards.com/staking-data/methodologies/cosmos-hub-srb).
{% endhint %}

{% content-ref url="/pages/aKwZW2LPk4OF6A8oB6OI" %}
[Cosmos Hub SRB](/staking-data/methodologies/cosmos-ecosystem-srb/cosmos-hub-srb.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

### PASG Staking Rewards Rate: PASGSRB

$$
PASGSRB = ATOMSRB
$$

{% embed url="<https://docs.stakingrewards.com/staking-data/methodologies/cosmos-ecosystem-srb/cosmos-hub-srb#atom-staking-rewards-rate-atomsrb>" %}
ATOM Staking Rewards Rate
{% endembed %}

***

### PASG Validator Staking Rewards Rate: PASGSRB(v)

Staking Rewards calculates the PASGSRB for each validator based on their individual performance and commission rate.

$$
PASGSRB(v) = ATOMSRB(v)
$$

{% embed url="<https://docs.stakingrewards.com/staking-data/methodologies/cosmos-ecosystem-srb/cosmos-hub-srb#atom-validator-staking-rewards-rate-atomsrb-v>" %}
ATOM Validator Staking Rewards Rate
{% endembed %}

***

### PASG Real Reward Rate: PASGSRB^R

The real reward rate calculates the PASGSRB adjusted for inflation in the network.

$$
PASGSRB^R = ATOMSRB^R
$$

{% embed url="<https://docs.stakingrewards.com/staking-data/methodologies/cosmos-ecosystem-srb/cosmos-hub-srb#atom-real-reward-rate-atomsrb-r>" %}
ATOM Real Reward Rate
{% endembed %}

**Inflation Rate Behavior**

* Inflation is set by the standard Cosmos SDK `mint` module. Governance proposal 20 (passed 05/15/2026) set `inflation_min` and `inflation_max` to 2.1% and `inflation_rate_change` to 0, so nominal inflation is fixed at 2.1% of total supply. It replaced the 8% minimum and 10% maximum set by the September 2023 proposal that started PASG inflation.
* The `mint` module has no supply cap. The 1.5B PASG maximum supply described in the Passage whitepaper is not enforced on chain, and minting continues past it unless governance changes the mint parameters.
* The protocol targets a 5-second block time (`blocks_per_year` = 6,311,520), but blocks are currently slower (about 5.8 seconds). As described in the ATOMSRB block-time adjustment, annual provisions are scaled by expected over actual block time, so the published inflation rate is below the nominal 2.1%.

***

### Other Passage metrics calculated by Staking Rewards

<table><thead><tr><th width="188">Metric</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Delegated Tokens</td><td>The number of tokens delegated to validators.</td></tr><tr><td>Self Staked Tokens</td><td>The number of tokens staked by validators directly.</td></tr><tr><td>Staking Wallets</td><td>This metric refers to the number of unique delegator addresses with at least one delegation on-chain. An address delegating to several validators is counted once. It excludes considerations of any minimum delegation thresholds.</td></tr></tbody></table>

***

#### Data Sources:

* [Staking Rewards](https://www.stakingrewards.com/) from indexed Passage Blocks and Blockchain RPC Endpoints.

***

#### References:

* <https://www.passage.io/whitepaper>

***

:books:[ Learn more about PASG Staking](https://www.stakingrewards.com/asset/passage)

:bar\_chart: [Calculate your PASG Staking Rewards](https://www.stakingrewards.com/calculator?asset=passage)

⚙️ [Access historic Passage Staking Data via API](https://www.stakingrewards.com/data-api)

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Last updated on 10/16/2026
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